Type 2 diabetes is a lifelong condition, and in its early stages the signs and symptoms can be difficult to spot. Pdf incidence of and risk factors for type2 diabetes in a general. There are a number of major risk factors for type 2 diabetes. Methods we searched pubmed to capture all metaanalyses and mendelian randomization studies for risk factors of t2dm. Identifying risk factors to aid primary prevention is an important intervention needed to decrease the associated morbidity and mortality. Prevalence of and risk factors for type 2 diabetes. Sure, you have heard of diabetes before and may even have a general idea of what led to this diagnosis. Youre in the doctors office for a routine physical exam when you receive the diagnosis. Genomewide association studies gwas have linked single nucleotide polymorphisms snps, most of which are noncoding, in 200 loci to islet dysfunction and t2d. Find out what you can do to lower your risk and improve your health. What are the health risk factors for type 2 diabetes. Type 2 diabetes develops when glucosewhich our bodies need for energystays in the blood and cant get into the cells.
Diabetes is a major risk factor for stroke and heart disease. However, development of type 2 diabetes has been associated with several risk factors. Thats probably because people tend to exercise less, lose muscle mass and gain weight as they age. According to the international diabetes federation, about 382 million people. Risk factors contributing to type 2 diabetes and recent. Diabetes is a condition that affects the bodys ability to use blood sugar for energy. Unavoidable risk factors there are various risk factors for type 2 diabetes, some of. The etiology of type 2 diabetes insulin resistance or insulin deficiency stems from both genetic and environmental risk factors. If there is diabetes in your family, you should be careful not to put on weight over the years. How much weight do i have to lose to prevent type 2 diabetes. Although some diabetic risks come from our genetics, many are preventable.
What are uncontrollable risk factors for type 2 diabetes. Certain mental health conditions are also a risk factor for type 2 diabetes, these include. The core aims are to bring forward the new therapy strategies and costeffective intervention trials of type 2 diabetes. Importantly, the diabetes type 2 is a progressive disease. Risk factors for diabetes a comprehensive guide hcd.
Developed by diabetes uk, the university of leicester and the university hospital of leicester nhs trust. Although you may not be able to avoid all type 2 diabetes risk factors, such as your family history, some factors are within your control, such as your weight. Women with a history of gestational diabetes as well as their children are at greater risk for progressing to type 2 diabetes mellitus. Gestational diabetes or giving birth to a baby weighing more than 9 pounds. The risk factor for diabetes type 2 depends on several other factors you might have to keep in check. Your chances of developing type 2 diabetes depend on a combination of factors, including your genes and lifestyle. Type 2 diabetes risk factors what risk factors do you have. Can i prevent type 2 diabetes if i am already at risk. Review risk factors contributing to type 2 diabetes and. To determine the genderspecific incidence and risk factors of type2 diabetes mellitus t2dm in a general population. Prediabetes and type 2 diabetes share many risk factors, such as being overweight, being 45 years or older, and being physically active less than 3 times a week.
People with type 1 diabetes take insulin by injection with a syringe, an insulin pen, or an insulin pump. Risk factors contributing to type 2 diabetes and recent advances. These lifestyle changes can affect your chances of developing type 2 diabetes. For this reason, below is a list of top type 2 diabetes risk factors. Having a risk factor for type 2 diabetes makes the chances of getting a condition higher. Objective we examined the proportion of american adults without type 2 diabetes that engages in lifestyle behaviors known to reduce type 2 diabetes risk. The good news is you can prevent or delay type 2 diabetes. The risk factors for type 2 diabetes healthcentral. Smoking is associated with a higher risk of type 2 diabetes, and also increases the risk of other health conditions such as heart disease and cancer. Research design and methods we conducted a crosssectional analysis of 3,679 nonpregnant, nonlactating individuals aged. Without intervention, the risk of progression to overt diabetes is high. The prevalence of hyperlipidemia increased with age, which was reported in our previous study 6.
The three types are type 1, type 2, and gestational diabetes. Nonetheless, conditions encompassed by metabolic syndrome are not the only factors which determine a. The why and how behind the national diabetes prevention program. The body still makes insulin, but cant use it properly this is called insulin resistance insulin production in the pancreas decreases this is called insulin deficiency. Type 2 diabetes has two types of risk factor, or those a person can take steps to avoid and those they cannot. Type 2 diabetes t2d is a complex disorder in which both genetic and environmental risk factors contribute to islet dysfunction and failure. Background type 2 diabetes mellitus t2dm is a global epidemic associated with increased health expenditure, and low quality of life.
Prediabetes prediabetes refers to blood glucose impairment that is not yet classified as type 2 diabetes. Risk factors for type 2 diabetes are factors that do not seem to be a direct cause of the disease, but seem to be associated in some way. A number of crosssectional and prospective studies that compared the insulin sensitivity of various national and ethnic populations within the u. Other factors that can affect your risk of type 2 diabetes smoking. What lifestyle habits are risk factors for type 2 diabetes. It was found that the risks for diabetes in africanamericans, hispanics, and native americans are. The international diabetes federation idf estimates that as many as 212 million people, or half of all adults currently living with diabetes, are undiagnosed. Previously, we discussed the factors that comprise metabolic syndrome and place individuals at a greater risk for developing type 2 diabetes. Prediabetes means your blood glucose levels are higher than normal, but not high enough to be type 2 diabetes. Scientists do not know the exact cause of type 2 diabetes. The chances of you developing type 2 diabetes depends on a combination of risk factors, like your genes and lifestyle.
A primary risk factor for type 2 diabetes is being overweight. In fact, prediabetes is a major risk factor for type 2 diabetes. A family history of type 2 diabetes especially if a parent or sibling experiences the condition can also be an indicator of increased diabetes risk. Type 2 diabetes is a serious and common chronic disease resulting from a complex inheritanceenvironment interaction along with other risk factors such as obesity and sedentary lifestyle. But type 2 diabetes is also increasing dramatically among children, adolescents and younger adults. There are currently 30 million americans with diabetes, and every year, that number goes up by 1. Type 1 diabetes is thought to be caused by an immune reaction the body attacks itself by mistake. Environmentallifestyle factors in the pathogenesis and prevention of.
Despite the high lifetime risk of type 2 diabetes and the current magnitude of the type 2 diabetes burden nationally, there has been very little focus to date on detailed dietary recommendations for reducing type 2 diabetes risk or on efforts to closely monitor dietary risk factors specific to type 2 diabetes. Pdf background the dynamics of physiological and behavioral risk factors of diabetes in rural india is poorly understood. You can get type 1 diabetes at any age, but its more likely to develop when youre a child, teen, or young adult. Idf has created an online diabetes risk assessment which aims to predict an individuals risk of developing type 2 diabetes within the next ten years. Find out the risk factors for type 2 diabetes and what you can do to prevent it at everyday health. Read about risk factors for type 2 diabetes below and see which ones apply to you. Without intervention, prediabetes could progress to type 2 diabetes within five years. There is a lot of support available if you are thinking about stopping smoking. Growth of the waistline, in particular, increases the risk of diabetes, whereas regular moderate physical activity will lower the risk.
Type 2 diabetes, environment, lifestyle, diabetes risk factors. Combining epidemiological data with the experience. Although you cant change risk factors such as family history, age, or ethnicity, you can change lifestyle risk factors around eating, physical activity, and weight. If you have prediabetes lifestyle changes like diet and exercise can prevent it from progressing to type 2 diabetes. Having a parent, brother, or sister with type 1 diabetes. Pdf physiological and behavioral risk factors of type 2 diabetes. Type 2 diabetes once known as non insulindependent diabetes mellitus niddm or adultonset diabetes, is where the pancreas doesnt produce enough insulin or the bodys cells dont react to insulin. Insulin resistance increases a persons risk for developing impaired glucose tolerance and type 2 diabetes. If youre atrisk, paying attention to living a healthy lifestyle or getting early treatment can, for some, actually return blood.
Type 2 diabetes is not an autoimmune disorder, like type 1 diabetes. Type 2 diabetes and hyperlipidemia are diagnosed within the same individuals, due to common risk factors including age, sex, obesity, physical inactivity, and high fat diet. Type 2 diabetes and its complications constitute a major worldwide. Knowing whether youre at risk can help you take steps to prevent or delay the disease. Other type 2 diabetes risk factors include the following. Many nongenetic risk factors have been suggested, but their overall epidemiological credibility has not been assessed. For instance, polycystic ovarian syndrome pcos may increase the risk of developing diabetes. Some of the environmental risk factors can be modified with behavior change, including physical activity, intake of. If you are receiving treatment with antipsychotic medication this can also increase your risk of type 2 diabetes, but the risk is quite low. Risk factors content type 2 diabetes everyday health. Experts have determined whos more likely to develop type 2 diabetes. Prevalence of major behavioral risk factors for type 2. Your body may be victimized to develop type 2 diabetes if you are overweight obese your age is above 45 or more any of your family members have history of diabetes you have high blood pressure you have a low level of hdl high density.
The biggest risk factor is having a family history of the disease in combination with eating a typical western diet high in fried foods, saturated fats and sugars. It is designed for people without a current diagnosis of diabetes and is intended to highlight a persons risk of developing type 2 diabetes in the next 10 years. Introduction type 2 diabetes has become a major public health concern globally and in the united states figure. The risk for this condition however include, age, weight, family history and race among others. Although type 2 diabetes cannot be cured at the present time, development of the disease can be prevented or delayed by intervening on modifiable risk factors at an early stage. Rather, there are two reasons why type 2 diabetes occurs.
Risk factors for type 1 diabetes are not as clear as for prediabetes and type 2 diabetes. Metabolic syndrome type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome also known as syndrome x are closely linked although the existence of this syndrome is not accepted universally. Its never been more important to understand the risk factors for diabetes diabetes is quickly becoming one of the most common and dangerous illnesses in the country. The risk of type 2 diabetes increases as you get older, especially after age 45. Unfortunately, many people do not know what these are or clearly understand the signs of them. A targeted approach to cut type 2 diabetes risk in half this. Type 2 diabetesassociated genetic variants regulate. Clear definition and diagnosis of these two types of diabetes has been. You cant change some risk factors, such as your family history, age, or ethnic background. Type 2 diabetes has many risk factors associated with it, mostly related to lifestyle choices. Individuals who have insulin resistance share many of the same risk factors as those with type 2 diabetes. Test2prevent know your risk of type 2 diabetes try our. This occurs when the pancreas either doesnt make enough insulin or the body doesnt use the insulin as it should.
970 411 585 931 630 1314 211 154 772 427 75 247 1060 1602 944 1076 870 814 906 1311 945 1283 341 1452 1047 264 455 1530 1497 715 1158 877 120 605 968 284 753 47 443 11